Specimen Name Result Units Range
Plasma Sodium 137 mmol/L (135-145)
Potassium 2.8 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)
Chloride 86 mmol/L (100-109)
Bicarbonate 35 mmol/L (22-32)
Anion Gap 19 mmol/L (7-17)
Glucose 5.7 mmol/L (3.8-5.5)
Urea 5.5 mmol/L (2.7-7.2)
Creatinine 80 μmol/L (60-110)
Urine Sodium 25 mmol/L (> 20)
Chloride 13 mmol/L

58yo male with chronic constipation.
Laxative Abuse

 

Hypokalaemic Metabolic Alkalosis
Diuretics (esp. loop agents) - low Na+, Cl- / high urea
Mineralocorticoid excess - normal-high Na+, Cl- / normal urea
Vomiting / Gastric outlet obs. - very low Cl- / low-normal Na+ / high urea
Diarrhoea / laxatives - low Cl- / normal Na+ / high urea
Post massive transfusion - citrate metabolism & acidosis correction