Specimen Name Result Units Range
Plasma Sodium 136 mmol/L (135-145)
Potassium 2.5 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)
Chloride 112 mmol/L (100-109)
Anion Gap 14 mmol/L (7-17)
Glucose 5.6 mmol/L (3.8-5.5)
Urea 2.2 mmol/L (2.7-7.2)
Creatinine 80 μmol/L (60-110)

Young adult patient with symptoms suggestive of viral gastroenteritis.
Normal AG Acidosis 2° Diarrhoea
  • NAG acidosis 2° enteric HCO3- loss
  • hypokalaemia 2° enteric loss
  • ** acidosis + hypokalaemia → significant whole body K+-deficit

 

Hyperchloraemia may result from:

  1. Any hypernatraemic state
  2. Respiratory alkalosis
  3. Metabolic acidosis + normal AG:
    • renal
    • RTA
    • CA inhibitors
    • early uraemia
    • extra-renal
    • diarrhoea
    • hypoadrenalism
    • uretero-sigmoidoscopy
    • treated DKA
    • exogenous HCl