Specimen Name Result Units Range
Plasma Sodium 135 mmol/L (135-145)
Potassium 2.6 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)
Chloride 88 mmol/L (100-109)
Bicarbonate 37 mmol/L (22-32)
Glucose 8.5 mmol/L (3.8-5.5)
Urea 15.0 mmol/L (2.7-7.2)
Creatinine 130 μmol/L (60-110)

59yo male with IHD and controlled CCF.
Diuretic Induced Hypokalaemia and AKI

 

Thiazide Effects:

  • hypokalaemia
  • hyponatraemia
  • mild metabolic alkalosis
  • mild uraemia
  • mild hyperglycaemia
  • hyperuricaemia

 

Hypokalaemic Metabolic Alkalosis
Diuretics (esp. loop agents) - low Na+, Cl- / high urea
Mineralocorticoid excess - normal-high Na+, Cl- / normal urea
Vomiting / Gastric outlet obs. - very low Cl- / low-normal Na+ / high urea
Diarrhoea / laxatives - low Cl- / normal Na+ / high urea
Post massive transfusion - citrate metabolism & acidosis correction