Specimen Name Result Units Range
Plasma Sodium 135 mmol/L (135-145)
Potassium 2.6 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)
Chloride 88 mmol/L (100-109)
Bicarbonate 37 mmol/L (22-32)
Glucose 8.5 mmol/L (3.8-5.5)
Urea 15.0 mmol/L (2.7-7.2)
Creatinine 130 μmol/L (60-110)

59yo male with IHD and controlled CCF.
Diuretic Induced Hypokalaemia and AKI

Hypokalaemic Metabolic Alkalosis:

  1. Diuretics
    • low Na+ & Cl-
    • high urea
  2. Mineralocorticoid excess
    • normal / high Na+ & Cl-
    • normal urea
  3. Vomiting
    • very low Cl- / low-normal Na+
    • high urea
  4. Diarrhoea/laxatives
    • low Cl- / low-normal Na+
    • high urea

 

Thiazide Effects:

  • hypokalaemia
  • hyponatraemia
  • mild metabolic alkalosis
  • mild uraemia
  • mild hyperglycaemia
  • hyperuricaemia