Specimen Name Result Units Range
Plasma Sodium 142 mmol/L (135-145)
Potassium 3.8 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)
Chloride 103 mmol/L (100-109)
Bicarbonate 26 mmol/L (22-32)
Anion Gap 17 mmol/L (7-17)
Glucose 5.1 mmol/L (3.8-5.5)
Urea 9.1 mmol/L (2.7-7.2)
Creatinine 60 μmol/L (60-110)
Phosphate 0.83 mmol/L (0.80-1.45)
Total Calcium 1.84 mmol/L (2.10-2.55)
Albumin 22 g/L (34-48)
Globulins 24 g/L (22-35)
Total Bilirubin 14 μmol/L (6-24)
GGT 22 U/L (< 60)
ALP 48 U/L (30-110)
AST 45 U/L (< 45)
LDH 120 U/L (110-230)
Cholesterol 8.9 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)

46yo female with oedema and known non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Nephrotic Syndrome
  • massive proteinuria (albuminuria) > 40mg/m²
        → hypoalbuminaemia < 30g/L
  • hypercholesterolaemia
  • oedema

 

Aetiology:

  1. Primary glomerular diseases:
    • minimal change disease
    • mesangial proliferative and mesangiocapilliary GN
    • membranous GN
    • post-streptococcal GN
  2. Associated diseases:
    • neoplastic - Hodgkin's, lymphomas, leukaemia, melanoma
    • vasculitic - SLE, RA, dermatomyositis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, other
    • infectious - hepatitis B, infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
    • drugs - ACEI, gold, heroin, penicillamine, antivenom
    • other - DM, amyloidosis